During the millennium which extended from the establishment of the ancient Greek colony in Marseille, in 600 BC, to the end of the Western Roman Empire, viticulture conquered and completely transformed Gaul, whose landscape became covered in grape vines. Being wine lovers, the ancient Romans imported their Mediterranean grape varieties, and also their wine-crafting knowhow, to Gaul. Crushing, pressing, and amphora production—viticulture in general—developed to a peak in the annual volume of wine production, in certain large Gallic estates, that would be reached again only in modern times!